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====== Radio choices for SOTA expeditions ======
This guide aims to help you choose the right radio setup based on the type of activation you’re planning, the power you need, and the mode that suits your style. There’s no one-size-fits-all, and the gear you choose will depend on whether you’re going for a quick VHF activation with a handheld (HT) or a more involved HF setup, which might require a bit more preparation and practice.

For example, VHF on an HT is fast and accessible—perfect for quick activations—but it has limitations in terms of range and penetration. While FM on VHF is simple and reliable, it doesn’t have the same reach as CW or digital modes on HF, which can go further but require more technical skill to set up and operate. SSB is great for voice communication but lacks the range and efficiency of CW or digital modes.

In the end, the radio you choose depends on your goals for the activation—whether you're looking for simplicity and portability or aiming for longer-distance contacts. Keep in mind that this guide is just a starting point. As you gain experience, you may want to upgrade or fine-tune your kit for better performance, lighter weight, or more efficient operation. No matter what gear you start with, the key is to get outside, have fun, and enjoy making contacts!

===== Choosing a Band: HF to UHF =====
**HF (High Frequency)** bands are ideal for longer-range communication and are commonly used for portable operations. These bands allow you to reach stations across the country or even internationally, depending on conditions. HF offers flexibility, especially for remote or isolated locations, but it requires more setup time and practice. Propagation on HF can vary with the time of day, season, and solar activity, which adds a layer of unpredictability. Activating with an HF station can be a rewarding challenge, as it may require you to master different modes such as CW or digital modes for more reliable communication.

**VHF/UHF** is a popular choice for SOTA activations, particularly for local or line-of-sight communications. These frequencies are great for quick and accessible activations, as they typically require less equipment and setup time compared to HF. VHF and UHF also offer fewer variables in terms of propagation, but their range is more limited to direct line-of-sight. With prior notice, you can often coordinate with other operators who are ready to join you when you're at the summit, making it a great choice for local connections. However, VHF/UHF typically lacks the penetration that HF offers, especially in challenging terrain or during poor weather conditions.

===== Choosing a Radio: HT to All Band QRO beast =====
**Handheld radios** (HTs) are an excellent option for beginners or those looking for a lightweight solution. They are simple to operate, with fewer components to manage, and they tend to be portable and compact. While typically lower in power, the height of a summit provides a significant advantage when trying to make contacts. With the right antenna, handheld radios are an effective choice for activating a summit.
Base or mobile radios can offer more power and flexibility, particularly for those who prefer a more robust setup. These radios are ideal for situations requiring stronger signals and longer-range communications, typically offering between 25W and 50W output. They’re great for challenging environments or when you need to cover longer distances.

**QRP (low-power)** radios are popular for keeping activations light and simple. Many operators prefer QRP setups for their portability, especially on extended trips. These radios typically operate at 5W of power and are commonly used for CW (Morse Code) or low-band SSB operations. Whether opting for a professional model or a DIY kit, QRP radios allow you to enjoy portable operations while minimizing gear weight.

**QRO (High-Power) - Do You Even Lift, Bro?** For those looking for even more power, larger mobile or shack radios can offer increased range, capabilities, and advanced features like improved filtering. However, be prepared to carry some serious weight! While there are diminishing returns when taking very large or powerful rigs into the hills, specialized setups like microwave operation or TV transmission could be an exception, though they fall outside the scope of this guide. The main trade-off is the additional weight and effort required to transport and set up such gear in the field. If you go this route, be sure you're ready to handle the extra load! Typically, for greater power in the field, QRP radios are paired with amplifiers.