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====== Raspberry Pi iGate Setup ======

===== Assumptions =====
  * You are running this on a Raspberry Pi with built-in WiFi
  * Running Raspberry OS Lite 32 Bit (Bullseye 2022-09-22).
  * DireWolf DEVELOPMENT version 1.7 E (Jan  7 2023)
  * This system will run headless, without a monitor or external display connected.
  * You will be using a USB RTL-SDR dongle connected to your Pi.
  * We will be using the default user pi for everything. Please change this to meet your requirements.
  * There is no GPS connected. The Pi will rely on NTP for accurate timekeeping.

===== Before You Begin =====
Download Raspberry OS Lite 32 Bit Lite from [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/]]
Not tested on 64 Bit (if anyone has tested please update to say Tested and Works on 64 Bit Lite

**Get an APRS Password from** [[http://apps.magicbug.co.uk/passcode/]]

Extract the downloaded tar file.
Using Raspberry Pi Imager [[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/]] using the "Operating System" button select "Use Custom" and select the extracted img file. In this example, it is "2022-09-22-raspios-bullseye-armhf-lite.img"
Be sure to select the correct Storage device.
Click the Setting, cogwheel, button. These settings may change in future versions. These are current as of v1.7.3

==== Raspberry Pi Imager Advanced  Menu =====

  * Set hostname: igate
  * [x] Enable SSH
    * [x] Use password authentication
  * [x] Set username and password
    * Username: pi
    * Password: raspberry
  * [x] Configure wireless LAN
    * SSID: <your wireless network>
    * Password: <your wireless network password>
    * Wireless LAN country: GB (change to match your location)
  * [x] Set locale settings
    * Time zone: Europe/Dublin
    * Keyboard layout: gb
  * [ ] Play sound when finished
  * [x] Eject media when finished
  * [ ] Enable telemetry

Verify your Operating System, Storage and Advnaced Settings are all correct and Write the image to SD Card.
Once complete insert the SD Card in to your Pi and power it up. It may take a few minutes.

===== Update System =====

Logon to your Pi via ssh and preform a system update
  sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -you
  
Depending on the number of updates this may take a few minutes. 
Reboot your pi when all the updates are installed
  sudo reboot


==== Set Static IP ====
This is best contoled via a dhcp reservation on your router or on your dhcp server.
If you choose to manually configure this on your pi please follow the steps below.
Adjust IP address to match your networks configuration.

=== Manually Set Raspberry Pi IP Address ===
  sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

  # Example static IP configuration:
  interface wlan0
  static ip_address=192.168.0.30/24
  #static ip6_address=fd51:42f8:caae:d92e::ff/64
  static routers=192.168.0.1
  static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1 8.8.8.8 fd51:42f8:caae:d92e::1



===== Installing Direwolf From Source =====

==== Install Dependencies ====

  sudo apt install git build-essential libasound2-dev libudev-dev rsyslog logrotate
  
==== Get Direwolf Source Code and build it =====

  cd ~
  git clone https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf.git
  cd direwolf
  git checkout dev
  mkdir build && cd build
  cmake -DUNITTEST=1 ..
  make -j4
  make test
  sudo make install
  make install-conf

==== Direwolf First Test =====
  cd ~
  direwolf
  
You should see something like this
  Dire Wolf version …
  Audio device for both receive and transmit: default
  Could not open audio device default for input
  No such file or directory
  Pointless to continue without audio device.

The default configuration files created in youi home directory provide a good starting point.
Since we are setting up a receive only iGate using a RTL-SDR Dongle we will be using the sdr.conf file.

==== Edit the sdr.conf file ====

  cd ~
  sudo nano sdr.conf
We need to update a few lines.
Change **MYCALL xxxxx** to your callsign plus SSID. For example
  MYCALL EI5IEB-10

Update **IGSERVER** to one in your region. For example
  IGSERVER euro.aprs2.net

In order for send received pactked to the internet we need to update **IGLOGIN** with our login details. Callsign-SSID and passcode. 
**Passcode can be generated here** [[https://apps.magicbug.co.uk/passcode/]] 
Please use your callsign. For example. xxxxx is my passcode.
  IGLOGIN EI5IEB-10 xxxxx

If you want your iGate to disply on aprs.fi add the following line to the end of the sdr.conf file. Modify **lat** and **long** to your location.
   PBEACON sendto=IG delay=0:30 every=10:00 symbol="igate" overlay=R lat=53.000000 long=-06.000000 comment="144.800MHz IGate | RPi | RTL-SDR"

We want to log what packets we receive for future analysis and to get an indication of the area covered by our iGate. Add the following lines to the end of the sdr.conf file.
  # Logging
  LOGDIR /var/log/direwolf/

We need to create the log directory referanced the the sdr.conf file and make sure that it is writable by the pi user.
  cd ~
  sudo mkdir /var/log/direwolf
  sudo chown -hR pi:pi /var/log/direwolf

The main parts of Direwolf are now configured.

===== Install RTL-SDR Software From Source =====

  cd ~
  sudo apt install cmake build-essential libusb-1.0-0-dev
  git clone git://git.osmocom.org/rtl-sdr.git
  cd rtl-sdr
  mkdir build
  cd build
  cmake ../ -DINSTALL_UDEV_RULES=ON -DDETACH_KERNEL_DRIVER=ON
  make
  sudo make install
  sudo ldconfig

==== Modify raspi-blacklist.conf If Required ====
In my setup the dongle "just worked" however this is not always the case. The Pi may be using a different device driver. To prevent this from happening we need to blacklist the undesired driver.
  sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf
The file is empty by default. Add the following lines.
  blacklist dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
  blacklist dvb_usb_v2
  blacklist rtl_2830
  blacklist rtl_2832
  blacklist r820t

Reboot the Pi
  sudo reboot

===== Starting Direwolf On Boot =====

Next we need to create a systemd service so direwolf starts on boot. We also redirect stdout and stderr to syslog, so we can treat it as a log file.

Create direwolf.service file
  sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/direwolf.service

With following content
  [Unit]
  Description=Direwolf Daemon
  Wants=network-online.target
  After=sound.target syslog.target network-online.target
  
  [Service]
  User=pi
  ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'rtl_fm -f 144.8M - | direwolf -c /home/pi/sdr.conf -r 24000 -D 1 -'
  StandardOutput=syslog
  StandardError=syslog
  SyslogIdentifier=direwolf
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

Symlink the service
  sudo ln -s /lib/systemd/system/direwolf.service /etc/systemd/system/direwolf.service

Reload systemctl. Enter your password when prompted.
  systemctl daemon-reload
  
Enable the direwolf service. Enter your password when prompted.
  systemctl enable direwolf
  
Enable the systemd-networkd-wait-online service so Direwolf starts after the network is up. . Enter your password when prompted.
  systemctl enable systemd-networkd-wait-online

Reboot the Pi
  sudo reboot

If all went to plan Direwof should have started automatically.
You can verify this with
  ps aux | grep direwolf
You should see a line with the following content.
  direwolf -c /home/pi/sdr.conf -r 24000 -D 1 -

Next, we can configure logging application-level messages and errors from the Direwolf application. This is optional.

===== Optional =====
==== Configure Direwolf Web Log Viewer ====
You might be interested in an easy way of showing what stations you are hearing. Direwolf outputs its logs in a delimited format which can be opened and parsed by a variety of applications. However, sometimes a web GUI is much nicer. Alfredo, IZ7BOJ, has developed a PHP web statistics viewer which parses the logs and displayed the results on a nicely formatted table presented on a self-hosted website. This is detailed here [[direwolf_web_log_viewer|Direwolf Web Log Viewer]]

==== Configure Application Level Logging ====
Earlier we configured the direwolf systemd service file to redirect all stdout and stderr to syslog. So it's easier to read we need to redirect the log entries to their own file.

Create a .conf file for rsyslog
  nano /etc/rsyslog.d/direwolf.conf
  
And enter the following

  if $programname == 'direwolf' then /var/log/direwolf/direwolf.log 
  & stop

Then create a logrotate configuration file
  nano /etc/logrotate.d/direwolf
  
And enter the following. Feel free to edit the parameters to suit your needs

  /var/log/direwolf/aprs.log
  {
      rotate 5
      daily
      missingok
  }
  
  /var/log/direwolf/direwolf.log
  {
      rotate 5
      daily
      missingok
      postrotate
          invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
      endscript
  }

===== Reference =====
==== APRS SSID Recommendations 6 Feb 2012 ====
From [[http://www.aprs.org/aprs11/SSIDs.txt]]
  0 Your primary station usually fixed and message capable
  1 generic additional station, digi, mobile, wx, etc
  2 generic additional station, digi, mobile, wx, etc
  3 generic additional station, digi, mobile, wx, etc
  4 generic additional station, digi, mobile, wx, etc
  5 Other networks (Dstar, Iphones, Androids, Blackberry's etc)
  6 Special activity, Satellite ops, camping or 6 meters, etc
  7 walkie talkies, HT's or other human portable
  8 boats, sailboats, RV's or second main mobile
  9 Primary Mobile (usually message capable)
  10 internet, Igates, echolink, winlink, AVRS, APRN, etc
  11 balloons, aircraft, spacecraft, etc
  12 APRStt, DTMF, RFID, devices, one-way trackers*, etc
  13 Weather stations
  14 Truckers or generally full time drivers
  15 generic additional station, digi, mobile, wx, etc

==== Official Direwolf Documentation ====
https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/tree/master/doc

==== Direwolf 1.5 On A Raspberry Pi ====
https://www.marrold.co.uk/2019/04/installing-direwolf-15-on-raspberry-pi.html